Stoichiometry

Chemical Equivalence
Law of Equivalence : One equivalent of a substance reacts with one equivalent of another substance.

eg. H2O : 1 equivalent of H2 reacts with 1 equivalent of O2

i.e. 1 gram of Hydrogen reacts with 8 grams of Oxygen.

For aA + bB > mM + nN

(wt. of A / eq wt of A) = (wt. of B / eq wt of B) = (wt. of M / eq wt of M) = 9wt. of N / eq wt of N)

Volumetric Calculations
1) m.e.  = normality x Volume in mililitres = NV

2) At the end of titration of two solutions, N1V1 = N2V2

3) No. of Equivalents =  m.e. / 1000

4) No. of Equivalents = weight in grams / equivalent weight

For gases, No. of equivalents = volume at NTP / Equivalent Volume

5) Grams per litre = normality x equivalent weight

6) Normality = molarity x Valency

7) In a reaction, the equivalents of individual reactants and individual products is the same.

8) In a compound MxNy, eq. of MxNy = eq of M = eq of N