Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry is the branch of Chemistry which deals with the study of Compounds containing Carbon. This branch is vast because Carbon can form millions of compounds with itself as well as other functional groups and elements.

Carbon
Carbon is the 6th element of the periodic table having atomic number 6 and atomic mass number 12 .Carbon has three isotopes - C12, C13, C14.

Catenation
Carbon shows the remarkable property of Catenation, due to which it can form long chains of bonds with itself. This is possible due to Tetravalent Character of Carbon.

Physical Properties
The MP & BP increases with increase in number of Carbon atoms but decreases as branching increases.

Alkanes
All Alkanes are less denser than water.

Carbocations
Carbenium : CH3. Carbonium : CH5

Carbanions
A Carbanion is unstable because :-

1) Carbon atom is small in atomic size.

2) Carbon Atom has low value of electronegativity.

IUPAC Nomenclature
(only hydrocarbons, mono and bifunctional compounds)

Resonance
A higher charge density, decreases the stability of a compound. Thus, the phenomenon of Resonance spreads the charges and decreases the electron charge density , thus making it more stable

Optical Isomerism
(upto two optical centres) (RS EZ Nomenclature excluded)

Conformation
(Ethane & Butane) Newmann Projections

The isomerism which arises due to rotation about C-C single bond is called conformational isomerism.

Determination of Molcular a& Empirical Formula
(Only Combustion Reactions)

Hydrogen Bonds
(Effect on Alcohols and Carboxylic Acid)

Commercial Uses

 * 1) During fractional Distillation of Petroleum, a variety of products can be recovered.
 * 2) Gasoline : C6- C10
 * 3) Kerosene : C10 - C13
 * 4) Oil : C13 - C18                                  undefined
 * 5) Polyurethane and Ammonium perchloride are used as solid fuel propellants.

Tips & Tricks

 * 1) For Stability, consider Resnance . If the compound has double/triple bond or lone pair of electrons in conjugation , then it is stabilized by resonance.
 * 2) For Organic Chemistry Reactions, for predicting the product , use the concept of Nucleophiles/Electrophils . Negative part goes to positive part of carbon chain and vice versa . The positive/negative part of carbon chain may shift according to stability.